ie School of Architecture

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RAUMPLAN

Also called Spatial Plan, the Raumplan is a concept developed by Adolf Loos that groups the volumes in the building in 3 dimensions. Loos gave a different importance to each one of the rooms in the house, and this spatial organization has consequences that deeply affect the configuration of the building. It provides a large economy of space, as there is a maximum use of the existing space. In section for instance, bathroom and living room no longer have the same height, due to the different needs their uses provide. The footprint of the lower room can be used as extra space in the room above. Not only the height, but also the size of the room was directly related with its importance. This creates a certain promenade within the building, with small flights of stairs that relate the different rooms. The elevation is also affected, as Loos worked with the building as a pure box, and the interior spatial configuration appears in the façades in the form of cut-out windows. The size of the openings goes with the needs of each room. These ideas were incompatible with a structural coherence, traditional construction techniques such as loadbearing exterior walls were needed.
The Raumplan was used in the domestic realm, the culmination being the Müller House in Prague, but Loos also applied it in his public building in Michaelerplatz, in which there are 4 different heights only on the ground floor. He also tried to apply the Raumplan in his designs for public housing, where the cube was transformed into a terraced house.
The origins of the Raumplan can be traced back to Wright´s Prairie houses, where the use of the promenade and the space flow is very visible, also to the Art Nouveau, and Victor Horta´s Tassel House, in which different flights of stairs and different heights in the rooms make the perfect environment for this promenade to happen. Loos´ designs also had a great influence in Le Corbusier.

ie School of Architecture lo descubrió en diciembre de 2009

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